Plantas

Da yake faruwa a Darakta da latest aiki A 1947 Brecht koma Turai, toshe na farko, a k'asar Swisland, inda ya gamu da M. Frisch da edited, shekara ta 1948 ne mafi muhimmanci theoretical essay, Kleines Organon für das Dandalin (Breviary da irin wasannin ko sun aesthetics, sa'an nan a Oktoba tare da gayyatar da Jamusanci Jamhuriyyar Dimokuradiyyar su zauna a gabas Berlin. Na gaskataccen take shan narke a dandalin Deutsches daga gabas Berlin a shekarar 1949, mallam" din kamannu Weigel, alamtacce haihuwar Berliner Ensemble, wanda a 1954 ne sai, inda yake a yanzu a Schiffbauerdamm, da Brecht tsayar da gudanar da manta har ya mutu. A k'arshe decade a Berlin domin su d'auki hasararsu da yake faruwa na filmmaker wanda ya ba da 'ya'yan itace shan k'waya, saboda yawan sauya voltage da magoya bayan realism gurguzu, da gwamnatin Ulbricht, ba ya rubuta wani sabon aiki. Sa'an nan yana aiki da aji sun nemi a Berlin a 1953 ta goyon baya. Ci Gaba da Kalendergeschichten labaran (daga k'arshen, da aka sarrafa opera, masu halin mutuntaka Chinese waka ba da gudunmawa a 1956 a k'ark'ashin bajintar na Buckower Elegien (elegies Buckow, da kuma irin wasannin ko sun reductions, a cikinsa akwai Brecht jaddada da kasala ba da bayanin abubuwa kamar plagiarism literary da dukiya, Hofmeister (1) preceptor Ziyara H.M. sunan R. Lenz, In Giovannidi Molière, Coriolano na Skakespeare. A 1953 Brecht hulda ne shugaban k'ungiyar Marubuta da ba da kyautar nobel Stalin zaman lafiya, da hukumar Salla a Paris da Berliner Ensemble lokcin da Brecht ci lambar girmamawa ta nobel na farko da take shan tsoro. Koma Jamus Brecht gurbinsu ba su da k'ungiyar IV, marubuta. A watan Agusta 1956 yana ta ragargaza da infarct. Da littattafai masu ya ragu unpublished, representations da Kome sihirin da hakki da hamsin hamsin da Sixties baza consolidavano da shahara da author "classic" (tuna, k'asar Italiya, da na tafarfara chikin da Piccolo Teatro a Milan. A tsakanin posthumous da mujallun waje mafi yawan 'yan da muhimmanci mu bayar da Arbeitsjournal 1938-55 (1973, Aikin Diary 1938-55) riga kuma fassara a Italiyanci, 1920-22 Tagebücher (1975, 1920-22 Diaries da Autobiographische Aufzeichnungen 1920-54 (1975, cewarsa autobiographical 1920-54. > Encyclopedia na adabi da mediya > na adabi > Germanic na adabi > Turanci > Eliot, Toma Stearns Eliot, Toma Stearns Da mawãk'i da marubuciya ta naturalized Turanci (yawan gaskatawa Louis, Missouri, 1888 da 1965 London. Koyar a Jami'ar Harvard, ya kammala karatu a Sorbonne, a Oxford, a nan Jamus, manifesting sha mai zurfi a hanyar iliminsa na yaudarar wofi da wasik'u. Ya zauna a Addasn a 1915, ta zama Ingila baren tun 1927. Bayan wasu a gefen k'orama da matasa "gano" da e. daka, wanda ya kai shi zuwa publish a kan mujallar fim waka ba, Yana Chicago yana wasu poems sa'an nan a yawan fayafayan k'aunar wak'ar da Ziyara H.Alfred Prufrock (1917, son wak'ar da Ziyara H.Alfred Prufrock. Da soyayya da daka yana da kyakkyawar ganewa a Yana kiwon garkensa formation na Eliot, suka tsayar da shi, da epigraph dantesca "mafi mak'eri", shahararrun poem da Ragowa k'asar (1922, k'asar da take kufai, evocation tare da d'ibiya masa hannuwansa a duniya a cika rikici bayan yak'in duniya na farko. Da Ragowa k'asar nuna ba ma da daka, abin da suka bayar da kuma corrections ga rubata d'in, har ma da sha'awa ga metaphysical mawakan Ingila, domin Blake da Dante, da wani sabon dynamic wahayin al'adun mutane, ta fahimci yadda amfani da shũgabanni modification da literary adu kakanninsa. A shekarun baya da na bayan fage na kogon (1925, maza voids, da fad'uwar wahayin Eliot kai apex, alamtacce bayyananne critical rethinking, Yana kiwon garkensa, farfad'o da tsananin clarity a 1930, sa'ad da Eliot furta kanta da monarchist a siyasa, classic a na adabi da anglocattolico a cikin addini. Wannan ya canja shi ma ya yi tsammani a creative aiki, musamman ma dai a lokacin girbi Ash-Wednesday (1930, nemo toka Laraba, wanda ya nuna alamtacce harkar devotees da addini da alãmarsu calmer. A can ya bi wani kamar irin irin wasannin ko sun aikata (kisa a Cathedral, 1935, kisa a cathedral, Reunion iyali, 1939, reunion, jam'iyyar Cocktail, 1949, Confidential,akawu, 1955 an, aikacin amincewa, Iyata Statesman, 1959, babban statesman, sau da yawa sun lalace da jawabi ma showy da anchorage wannan lamari explicit ma. To sai dai Eliot ba su bar waka ba, a'a tab'i da vertices saman da Quartets hudu (1943, Caligari, inda, ta yi amfani da darajarsa ta yi horo da gatura dai in an ambaci Hausawa ana nufin mutanen da emotional da tunani a tsakanin author kuma mai karatu, ya yi k'ok'arin synthesis k'asa hanya, da biranenta baiwa da ci gaban mutum. Kuma da muhimmanci ne critical hasala da essays, wanda ba a san standstills, mai girman fifitawa aiki, su ne: Alfarma itace, ta Assuwara wadda aka yi yayin ta, da alfarma itace, Dante (1929), da amfani da waka ba da amfani da hukumomin (1933, da amfani da waka ba da amfani da hukumomin, Bayan Haramtacciyar alloli (1934, bayan haramtacciyar gumaka, ka san abin da Christian k'ungiya (1939, ka san abin da Christian k'ungiya, da na adabi siyasa (1955 an, na adabi da manufa. Gwargwado lasafta d'aya daga cikin exponents mafi girma da Anglo-American na adabi da cħwa Alk'ur k'arni na 12, Eliot, duk da cewa shi da ya yi wani dakushewar kwarjininsa da ruwa a hannunsu, fiye da dukan da progressive bala mai tsattsauran ra'ayi a wuraren zama da wasu matsaloli masu reactionary ma, amma har yanzu, da barori da ashirin k'arni na 12, da ya shirya da rikicin da mutumin da ke yammacin k'ungiya tsakanina da yak'e-duniya. Pessoa, Fernando Nogueira Da Portugisanci mawãk'i (1888-1935 Lisbon. D'aya daga cikin figures mai singular zuga a k'asashen Turai na adabi da ashirin k'arni na 12. Ya mutu na tuberculosis Uban, kyakkyawan kid critic, uwar Pessoa ya rasu a karo na biyu aure, ya zauna a Durban (afirka ta kudu. A nan ya koyi Turanci, wadda aka kullum da harshen na biyu. Ya canja Lisbon sauke karatu a cikin takardar, ta karatu tsayar da kansa ga wani k'aramin amfani da aka rarraba motocin haya, daga 1908 zuwa mutuwarsa. Babbar connoisseur da hanyar iliminsa na yaudarar wofi romanti kasa (Schopenhauer Nietzsche, kuma symbolism faransanci da portugisanci, da theosophical mutunci da occultistici, ana iya ganinsu a yawan sauya references ga jingina da Pink haye. Daga precursors iya littãfi ne rubũtacce Camilo Pessanha Cesário da kuma kore, amma hali na Pessoa inconfrontabile ya ragu. Mafi kyau, ya ce, "" hali. Lalle ya halitta kamar irin "heteronomouses", bai kamata ba a lasafta "pseudonyms" na d'aya marubuci, amma da kaurinsa kowane mai ba da rai mai sukuni, ya gina ayyuka, narrandone ko biography da sanin makamar da bin ideological bugu da styling. Babban heteronomouses, su ne: Alvaro de Campos, injiniya, Cosmopolitan, wanda shi kansa haifuwa fata masu-kyau a cikin ãyõyinmu 'yantar da shi ne masu halin mutuntaka Marinetti kuma daga Whitman, Ricardo Reis, neoclassic mawãk'i, oraziano, da nagarin elegance da sirara epicureismo, Alberto Caeiro, "Maigida", mutumin kamfe materialist, da stoic, wadda a gefen k'orama poem dukan girma, ba tare da jama'ar Isra'ila, ya shafi Bernardo Soares, ibin, prose marubuciya introspective da na tababa, A. Pacheco, author na tsawon guda poem da k'ok'ari a sami tak'addamar kai tsaye, "rubutu" surrealists. Wad'annan figures za a ci gaba da Pessoa "ortonimo", wato signature da ke da suna da amfani gajere meters, predominantly rimati. Wad'annan bak'i, wanda a bayansa censuses na opera Pessoa unpublished har hawa zuwa hamsin, a wasu lokutan odds da juna, amma daidai polemic ne na wasan kwaikwayo em jama'ai wasan kwaikwayo mutum da summarizes literary a game da author, ban zama koyo bayani a kan boka complexity a kowane mutum. Ayyukan Pessoa outputs ne kusan dukkan posthumous, amma a cikin rai, shi kan "limaman grise" da Tsibin duwatsun yana Portugisanci literary, ta da tare da had'in gwiwar mujalla kamar Orpheu da Portugal futurist, halinsa mawakan da kaman Sá-Carneiro da painters kamar Almada Negreiros, alkalamin k'arya theorists da critics warwatse a mujalla. Ya kuma author da 'yan sanda da wasanninsu, iri poems a turance, ya cike da ita ma ta samar da matsalolin da gyare puzzles mujalla ta kuma opera a aikata, ko Mariheiro ci iyakar mak'wabcinku, da author "static wasan kwaikwayo" a cikin wani vague Medieval maeterlinckiano kowannenku, da mata uku kallon gawar wata budurwa ta ga lumen wata da sak'ar wani metaphysical dialog a jigon na jiran, dukan rai jiran wani taro na magana bada-bada alamar, watakila mutuwa. Sai dai littafin da ake bugawa a raina yana ba da gudunmawa da kishin k'asa poems, Mensagem (1934), da concorse a sha'anin-gwadon darajassu lambar girmamawa ta nobel na biyu. Shi ne wani messianic evocation, har ma galibin makoma da teku da Portugal, a kan yi saura da "sebastianismo". Da wasanninsu jari Pessoa dai, wad'anda suka yi masa dace mawãk'i yadda Camões, suna da duk jikinsu daban-daban. A cikin poems na Álvaro de Campos, alal misali, ma'anar na zamani, da teku, da ambiguity da Eros, a cikinsa, da ke tattare da kowane mutum abokin gabarsa, da bai yi ajali tumultuous, masu ta da zaune tsaye, da contrasts da "basso continuo" na irony da loneliness, a da Ricardo Reis da arne iya fahinta cewa wasu precristiana, watau da Bahar Rum, da transience na rayuwa ta gauraya da hujjoji metaphysics na son, a cikin ãyõyin da prodigious essentiality, kuma a cikin sonnets da yawa kuma wak'ok'in da ortonimo da philosophical reasoning da concreteness autobiographical blend a inextricable synthesis, ullenku density harshen da ba a daidaita dukan arc da lyric shiga daga Rimbaud da Mallarmé zuwa Eliot da Montale. Binciko Pessoa aka k'wararan yara Portugisanci na adabi (rukunin Presença) da kuma Brazil ta zamani, 45). Da wucewa a shekara ta shahara Pessoa tasa har ta yi tunani d'aya daga cikin mawakan mafi girma da sec. XX. A k'asar Italiya da aka wallafa cikin yawan fayafayan da waka ba kome ainun, Gini 1979 da 1984, cikin littafin apprehension (1) ta ware shekara ta 1986, takardar da da budurwa (1988) da poems na Alvaro de Campos (1993). Biography Jamus mawãk'i Prague (1875 da Valmont, Montreux, 1926. D'an bohemian jami'ar da mahaifiyarsa artist wanda ya ragu kullum ideally sau, bayan da ya halarci sojoji Academy (1) 1886-92, ya fi son su yi tawalu da nazarin labarin sana', transferring daga Prague a Munich, sa'an nan a Berlin. A 1897-98 a dama sau tari a k'asar Italiya, 1899-1900, tare da Lou Andreas-Salomé, da Rasha, inda ta san Tolstoy mahalarta, daga abin da ya kawo indelible impressions da inganta da mysticism. A mallaka tun 1900 ya yi zamansa a Worpswede Bremen (1) a taron jama'ar artists wanda aka rabo da sculptress Clara Westhoff, sa'an nan ta zama matarsa (1901). A 1902, an raba, ya zauna a Paris, abubuwan da wasu zirga a k'asar Italiya da Scandinavia. A cikin faransanci jari da misalin shekara yana sakataren Rodin. A tsakanin 1910 da 1913 ya dangana Afirka na arewa da 'yan k'asar da 1911-12 ya zauna a castle na Duino, bak'o tana Liyarai von Thurn und Taxis. A lokacin yak'in duniya na farko an yawanci a Munich, sa'an nan a k'asar Swisland, a cikin castle na Valais Muzot. Ya mutu leukaemia kuma binne shi a Raron. Abin da Babbar su binciko a rai da conceptions na Rilke ne, bayan da Florenzer Tagebuch (1898, Florentine Diary, da littattafan Yadda kika bi L. Andreas-Salomé da Ziyara H.sunan R. von Salis. Introvert da marar da kake iyawa Allahnku kullayaumin fi karko ne, amma da fahimtar ma'anar a lashe protections bambanta da liyãfa incalculable mai yawan wasik'u (7 volumes, da tsakanin gabaninku Gid'e da Verhaeren, Rilke da nagarin ikon sa Yana kiwon garkensa a cikin mawallafan kundin sakamakon mafi wakili na biyu da na baya ga da translations daga E. Browning, Mallarmé, Verlaine, Gid'e Valéry kuma wadanchan recepì literary influences da Klopstock zuwa Hölderlin, philosophical da Kierkegaard zuwa Nietzsche, figurative (daga rodin zuwa Cézanne. Ga makashin wani yana kiwon garkensa vocation da matrix addini, Rilke ga da waka ba, da ba, sai dai alamar da musulunci da wani abu uwarta. Da farko dai babbar lyric gudunmawa a lokacin juvenile Leben und Lieder (1894, kuma wak'ok'in bi Stundenbuch (1899-1903, Littafi na kwana daya, bayan da Buch der Bilder (1898-1906, hoto littafi ne publishes Neue Gedichte (1907-08, sabon poems da novel Aufzeichnungen des Malte Laurids Brigge (1910, Notebooks na Malte Laurids Brigge, abin da kuka ji tunkuye su samu daga sabo da Rodin wajen aiki da tsananin da hak'uri. A cikin wannan Yana kiwon garkensa conception recognizable su taru a kai a kai da fuzzy laushi da sentimental da shahararrun ballad a prose (3) kuma Weise von Liebe und Tod des Cornets Christoph Rilke (1899-1906, Romance k'aunar da mutuwar Bishop Christopher Rilke da kusa da Rilke wani phenomenological Muhimman jigogin. Kashegari aikin safiyon ganin wani accentuation da lyrical component a birane gaban mutuwa da rai. A wannan lokacin ne Duineser Elegien (elegies na Duino, an fara Duino a 1912, an kammala a Muzot a 1922, da Sonette wani Orpheus (Sonnets zuwa Orpheus, gidaje da k'irin a 1922, tsawon poems walk'iyoyi bayanin abubuwa da siffofin nagarin lyricism. Bayan da 1923 Rilke hurta kusan duk da poems a Faransanci, da tattara a Vergers (1926, Verzieri. Da lyrical Rilke, pregna da darajar aukaka da rai da yake yi biki a baiwa sosai a kashe shi, yana bisa zarginsa da waka ba da ashirin k'arni na 12, ko da ya ke k'wararan ayyukan al'adu na Turai mahukuncin ne wani wuri, a makaranta psychoanalytical neopositivistica da Vienna, Berlin, ko ma a Dublin. Bayan Yak'in Duniya Na Biyu ya yi tunani da wasu ya zama "Heidegger Yana kiwon garkensa", amma da aka soke-kambinsa yadda metaphysical, "prefascista", ko da yake da harshen da aka yi da mawakan daban-daban, da mai tasiri Celan. Sa'an nan kuma Ubangjinsa da darasi na Rilke an ebo da artists da adar wasu k'abilun daban-daban, da Amirka sunan R. Jarrel da czech) Holan da aka yi k'ok'arin da fassarar Rilke a husserliana mabud'i. Game da novel Malte Laurids Brigge, ya gane mai daraja a' " da ashirin k'arni da karya da epic kissoshin mashawarcin k'arni na 12, da lokacin dad'ewarsu mafificin, a cikin diary da assay, umurci biyayya, da alienation. Matasa Faransanci mawãk'i Charleville (1854 da 1891 Marseille. D'an wani shugaba na infantry wanda ya tashi tun da sassafe, da na d'an 'ya'ya biyar, Jean-Arthur Rimbaud yana da ilimi da mahaifiyarta a hannu da shuni rigorismo ya yi masa sha tarin yawa a solitude, bijare muku kashedi, inda za ku ga plumbed. Ya dulmuya a Lyceum garinsu, ya zama nan da nan sai ga precocity da masu hankali da predisposition zuwa verseggiare. Da 'ya'yan furofesa Georges Izambard, malaminsa, abokina, Rimbaud rubuta poems uku da aka ba tukuna bugawa. Admirer da Hugo, yana lallai masu halin mutuntaka simbolisti Izambard ne ya sanar da karatu da k'auna. Rimbaud ne, ba shakka d'aya daga cikin mawallafan kundin sakamakon da mai anticipated na zamani ruhun gardama. Ruhu hanuwa, reacted zuwa yak'i da 1870 da Prussia da fād'i ta daular da empito da tayar da k'iyayya da hannu da shuni k'ungiya. Ruga zuwa Paris (biyu evasion farko, wato, don ya zauna a k'asar Belgium suka gama da ba a raba fraternal'alilan da wardens da Commune. Ba mawuyaci ko da ya yi tare da su. Lalle ne sympathised da yak'i, sa'an nan kuma ya je Charleville. Daga nan sai 15, 1871 ya rubuta wa abokinsa Démeny La Lettre du voyant (Wasik'a mai gani. Da dangantaka da Verlaine A cikin himma da martani ga Faransanci na adabi ayansa Rimbaud shiga bin da sabon sensations da aka gano ya ce, "Na ainihi" a hidimar poetare, wannan ya kai wa iyayenki na madawwaman tilasta wa mutane rai, samar da ta bar makaranta preconceptions da rayuwar duniya shagala da academic. A cikin wannan wurarenta da aka haife ni da na farko, masterpiece Le bateau ivre (1872, jirgin ruwan, rutilanti aikata nufin zuciyarsa, fantastic looming a yadda presupposes da Poe da Coleridge, fiye da Baudelaire, da nagarin ra'ayin da yawa yana kiwon garkensa 'yanci. Da manuscript ya aika wa Verlaine, da zarar ya karanta gayyaci Rimbaud tafiya zuwa Paris. A cikin Faransanci jari, Rimbaud sami zumunci, contrasted irin, ya sa a bayar da Verlaine, ya sami damar su san sauran mawakan da suke tare da shi, paintings cikin shahararrun kusurwa da tebur da Fantin-Latour. Da Verlaine rahoton da ya yi. Rimbaud gane ya hallaka auren abokin, wanda ya ci gaba a d'aure wa matarsa da zurfi shak'u. Da abokai biyu suka taru a k'asar Belgium, Ingila, sa'an nan kuma a k'asar Belgium, inda Verlaine da hakki da nth lite (10 ga watan Yuli 1873) cutar, ba su sosai da sosai, Rimbaud biyu shin wa ke da revolver. Verlaine yana kama da Rimbaud komo a gida, a cikin farmhouse na Roche, a Vouziers. Da masterpieces na arfinsa A Vouziers Rimbaud harbi, hakika kammala Les Easter (1886, Illuminations, bajintar ya watakila ma'anar colorful Rãnar K'iyama harking, a turance ma'anar illumination kuma Une saison en-enfer (1898, rani. Tsara ranakun yanayi shekara na bayan fage, nawa ne a tattauna a kan timeline a composition wadannan ayyuka da mai yiwuwa ne fifiko na biyu a karo na farko. Dukansu suna da 'ya'yan wani creative ra'ayin exceptional, sau da conception negatrice na duniya da sunan d'ansa. Idan Easter, ya fara bugawa ba tare da sanin author, kusan dukkan ãyõyinsa da dai sauransu, su yi tunani, masterpiece a da hankali, sun bayyana amma da sakamakon inspirations daban-daban da na vertices aukaka da abysses rok'ena Confessions, da azabtar da rai, ba ya haska infrequently daga shan k'waya. Les Easter ne shaidar da poem babban, mai tsarki, watakila ba su tab'a ko fiye da kai, ko a Saison en-enfer, masu arziki a saukar da azabtar da rai har zuwa gaba da wani ma'auni iri daban-daban, da waka ba da mafarkin rai da halitta da elevates da mawãk'i zuwa tausasawa mulkinsa, ya ci, masu tawali'u ya dawo da dũbãwa ba ga rãk'umã yadda aka halitta a duniya, abin al'amura, da da juyin mulki ala ya so ya gaggauta ya zo. Ba saboda haka la'anci mawãk'i ba, amma superb mawak'iya na gaskiya, divined Toccata, ba su ci nasara har abada. Rimbaud, negation, zai yi shiru da d'auki dangana: "Moi je suis rendu au sol" exclaims, sa'an nan kuma, wanda ya zagi Allah, outraged k'ungiya, k'aryata Almasihu, ya ce, "Pitié. Seigneur, j'ai peur" a tunani, Yana kiwon garkensa vocation. Ya muse Rimbaud zauna da shekara ta yi adventurer. A 1874 aka a Ingila, sa'an nan ya yi tafiyar tirelessly: Batavia, Kubrus, Masar da shekaru goma a Habasha a lokacin yak'in neman mulkin mallaka. Ya oversaw ciniki, ina kuwa, domin wadansu, da bawa, da sauran k'aryata, kuma ya sa rai mai tsanani, har zuwa ga wani cutar da k'afar dama, wadda aka amputated a Marseilles, ya rasu a cire abu mafi daga sha'anin duniya, har ya mutu nan ta da wasu kamar wani 'shshahada addini. Arguedas, José María Ethnologist da Peruvian narrator (Andahuaylas, Apurimac, tum-Lima 1969. Mahaifiyarta harshe ne Quechua, da harshen da Incas, amma duk da haka, ba wani marubuci ya sami nasarar da ya nuna da Spaniyanci duniyar Indians da Peru da ya girma, da yake da duniyar whites. Da masterpiece ne autobiographical novel littattafan Larabci sun daina rã'ara wa kai girma profundos (1958, mai zurfi, koguna abin da ta evocation, yana k'arami yana tak'ama da marinjãyi attraction a jikinsu. A cikin sauran' " ayyukan Arguedas, ya rasu, masani, ku tuna, Agua (1935, ruwa, Yawar fiesta (1941, idin jini, Diamantes y pedernales (1954, demon , kuma-hazzurim, El Sexto (tun a shekarar 1961, Sexto, Todas las sangres (1964, dukan races, amor y mundo todos littattafan Larabci sun daina cuentos (1967, k'aunaci duniya da dukan labaran, El zorro de arriba y el zorro de abajo (posthumously shekarar 1971, kurege sama da kurege k'asa ce) Zest tofa albarkacin bakinsa, Peruvian narrator (1929 Lima Madrid a shekarar 1983. Tilasta bauta a regime da kangararre A. M. Odría, ya zauna a Turai da Mexico. A Peru a 1978, taka siyasa da yake faruwa a jam'iyyar hagu. Bayan hudu littattafan waka ba, bugawa a tsakanin 1955 an da 1970, Ka fere shi sosai ya rasu da nasara a' ". A wurarensu biyar novels ta fara da Redoble para Rancas a shekarar 1971, ganga mirgino domin Rancas, kuma ya ci gaba da Historia de Garabombo el ganuwa (1972 don kaina, labarin Garabombo da ganuwa, Cantar de Agapito Robles (1977, Raira Agapito Robles, El jinete insomme (1977, sleepless knight kuma fito (1980), zest ta maido harsashin zuwa 'kasa cikin sau reconstructs peruvian da gaskiya, ya mamaye shawarwari bai fice batun...da iyayya tsakanin baya da yawan jama'a da fari, ba jiki ta epic dakatar da tsakanin gaskiya da sihiri. A bayansa jarraba, tumba na relámpago (Gini 1979, kabarin walk'iya, kuma sun yi rawa inmóvil (1981, sun yi rawa mahallinsa, ya nuna da kara originality, ta cigaba da harshen mafi autonomously' " da na fi k'azance da Kome rashin gatanchin mache sadakinta psychological gaskiya. Bayan mutuwarsa a sararin sama, bala'i da aka wallafa wasu unpublished littattafai. Da yake faruwa a Darakta da latest aiki A 1947 Brecht koma Turai, toshe na farko, a k'asar Swisland, inda ya gamu da M. Frisch da edited, shekara ta 1948 ne mafi muhimmanci theoretical essay, Kleines Organon für das Dandalin (Breviary da irin wasannin ko sun aesthetics, sa'an nan a Oktoba tare da gayyatar da Jamusanci Jamhuriyyar Dimokuradiyyar su zauna a gabas Berlin. Na gaskataccen take shan narke a dandalin Deutsches daga gabas Berlin a shekarar 1949, mallam" din kamannu Weigel, alamtacce haihuwar Berliner Ensemble, wanda a 1954 ne sai, inda yake a yanzu a Schiffbauerdamm, da Brecht tsayar da gudanar da manta har ya mutu. A k'arshe decade a Berlin domin su d'auki hasararsu da yake faruwa na filmmaker wanda ya ba da 'ya'yan itace shan k'waya, saboda yawan sauya voltage da magoya bayan realism gurguzu, da gwamnatin Ulbricht, ba ya rubuta wani sabon aiki. Sa'an nan yana aiki da aji sun nemi a Berlin a 1953 ta goyon baya. Ci Gaba da Kalendergeschichten labaran (daga k'arshen, da aka sarrafa opera, masu halin mutuntaka Chinese waka ba da gudunmawa a 1956 a k'ark'ashin bajintar na Buckower Elegien (elegies Buckow, da kuma irin wasannin ko sun reductions, a cikinsa akwai Brecht jaddada da kasala ba da bayanin abubuwa kamar plagiarism literary da dukiya, Hofmeister (1) preceptor Ziyara H.M. sunan R. Lenz, In Giovannidi Molière, Coriolano na Skakespeare. A 1953 Brecht hulda ne shugaban k'ungiyar Marubuta da ba da kyautar nobel Stalin zaman lafiya, da hukumar Salla a Paris da Berliner Ensemble lokcin da Brecht ci lambar girmamawa ta nobel na farko da take shan tsoro. Koma Jamus Brecht gurbinsu ba su da k'ungiyar IV, marubuta. A watan Agusta 1956 yana ta ragargaza da infarct. Da littattafai masu ya ragu unpublished, representations da Kome sihirin da hakki da hamsin hamsin da Sixties baza consolidavano da shahara da author "classic" (tuna, k'asar Italiya, da na tafarfara chikin da Piccolo Teatro a Milan. A tsakanin posthumous da mujallun waje mafi yawan 'yan da muhimmanci mu bayar da Arbeitsjournal 1938-55 (1973, Aikin Diary 1938-55) riga kuma fassara a Italiyanci, 1920-22 Tagebücher (1975, 1920-22 Diaries da Autobiographische Aufzeichnungen 1920-54 (1975, cewarsa autobiographical 1920-54. > Encyclopedia na adabi da mediya > na adabi > Germanic na adabi > Turanci > Eliot, Toma Stearns Eliot, Toma Stearns Da mawãk'i da marubuciya ta naturalized Turanci (yawan gaskatawa Louis, Missouri, 1888 da 1965 London. Koyar a Jami'ar Harvard, ya kammala karatu a Sorbonne, a Oxford, a nan Jamus, manifesting sha mai zurfi a hanyar iliminsa na yaudarar wofi da wasik'u. Ya zauna a Addasn a 1915, ta zama Ingila baren tun 1927. Bayan wasu a gefen k'orama da matasa "gano" da e. daka, wanda ya kai shi zuwa publish a kan mujallar fim waka ba, Yana Chicago yana wasu poems sa'an nan a yawan fayafayan k'aunar wak'ar da Ziyara H.Alfred Prufrock (1917, son wak'ar da Ziyara H.Alfred Prufrock. Da soyayya da daka yana da kyakkyawar ganewa a Yana kiwon garkensa formation na Eliot, suka tsayar da shi, da epigraph dantesca "mafi mak'eri", shahararrun poem da Ragowa k'asar (1922, k'asar da take kufai, evocation tare da d'ibiya masa hannuwansa a duniya a cika rikici bayan yak'in duniya na farko. Da Ragowa k'asar nuna ba ma da daka, abin da suka bayar da kuma corrections ga rubata d'in, har ma da sha'awa ga metaphysical mawakan Ingila, domin Blake da Dante, da wani sabon dynamic wahayin al'adun mutane, ta fahimci yadda amfani da shũgabanni modification da literary adu kakanninsa. A shekarun baya da na bayan fage na kogon (1925, maza voids, da fad'uwar wahayin Eliot kai apex, alamtacce bayyananne critical rethinking, Yana kiwon garkensa, farfad'o da tsananin clarity a 1930, sa'ad da Eliot furta kanta da monarchist a siyasa, classic a na adabi da anglocattolico a cikin addini. Wannan ya canja shi ma ya yi tsammani a creative aiki, musamman ma dai a lokacin girbi Ash-Wednesday (1930, nemo toka Laraba, wanda ya nuna alamtacce harkar devotees da addini da alãmarsu calmer. A can ya bi wani kamar irin irin wasannin ko sun aikata (kisa a Cathedral, 1935, kisa a cathedral, Reunion iyali, 1939, reunion, jam'iyyar Cocktail, 1949, Confidential,akawu, 1955 an, aikacin amincewa, Iyata Statesman, 1959, babban statesman, sau da yawa sun lalace da jawabi ma showy da anchorage wannan lamari explicit ma. To sai dai Eliot ba su bar waka ba, a'a tab'i da vertices saman da Quartets hudu (1943, Caligari, inda, ta yi amfani da darajarsa ta yi horo da gatura dai in an ambaci Hausawa ana nufin mutanen da emotional da tunani a tsakanin author kuma mai karatu, ya yi k'ok'arin synthesis k'asa hanya, da biranenta baiwa da ci gaban mutum. Kuma da muhimmanci ne critical hasala da essays, wanda ba a san standstills, mai girman fifitawa aiki, su ne: Alfarma itace, ta Assuwara wadda aka yi yayin ta, da alfarma itace, Dante (1929), da amfani da waka ba da amfani da hukumomin (1933, da amfani da waka ba da amfani da hukumomin, Bayan Haramtacciyar alloli (1934, bayan haramtacciyar gumaka, ka san abin da Christian k'ungiya (1939, ka san abin da Christian k'ungiya, da na adabi siyasa (1955 an, na adabi da manufa. Gwargwado lasafta d'aya daga cikin exponents mafi girma da Anglo-American na adabi da cħwa Alk'ur k'arni na 12, Eliot, duk da cewa shi da ya yi wani dakushewar kwarjininsa da ruwa a hannunsu, fiye da dukan da progressive bala mai tsattsauran ra'ayi a wuraren zama da wasu matsaloli masu reactionary ma, amma har yanzu, da barori da ashirin k'arni na 12, da ya shirya da rikicin da mutumin da ke yammacin k'ungiya tsakanina da yak'e-duniya. Pessoa, Fernando Nogueira Da Portugisanci mawãk'i (1888-1935 Lisbon. D'aya daga cikin figures mai singular zuga a k'asashen Turai na adabi da ashirin k'arni na 12. Ya mutu na tuberculosis Uban, kyakkyawan kid critic, uwar Pessoa ya rasu a karo na biyu aure, ya zauna a Durban (afirka ta kudu. A nan ya koyi Turanci, wadda aka kullum da harshen na biyu. Ya canja Lisbon sauke karatu a cikin takardar, ta karatu tsayar da kansa ga wani k'aramin amfani da aka rarraba motocin haya, daga 1908 zuwa mutuwarsa. Babbar connoisseur da hanyar iliminsa na yaudarar wofi romanti kasa (Schopenhauer Nietzsche, kuma symbolism faransanci da portugisanci, da theosophical mutunci da occultistici, ana iya ganinsu a yawan sauya references ga jingina da Pink haye. Daga precursors iya littãfi ne rubũtacce Camilo Pessanha Cesário da kuma kore, amma hali na Pessoa inconfrontabile ya ragu. Mafi kyau, ya ce, "" hali. Lalle ya halitta kamar irin "heteronomouses", bai kamata ba a lasafta "pseudonyms" na d'aya marubuci, amma da kaurinsa kowane mai ba da rai mai sukuni, ya gina ayyuka, narrandone ko biography da sanin makamar da bin ideological bugu da styling. Babban heteronomouses, su ne: Alvaro de Campos, injiniya, Cosmopolitan, wanda shi kansa haifuwa fata masu-kyau a cikin ãyõyinmu 'yantar da shi ne masu halin mutuntaka Marinetti kuma daga Whitman, Ricardo Reis, neoclassic mawãk'i, oraziano, da nagarin elegance da sirara epicureismo, Alberto Caeiro, "Maigida", mutumin kamfe materialist, da stoic, wadda a gefen k'orama poem dukan girma, ba tare da jama'ar Isra'ila, ya shafi Bernardo Soares, ibin, prose marubuciya introspective da na tababa, A. Pacheco, author na tsawon guda poem da k'ok'ari a sami tak'addamar kai tsaye, "rubutu" surrealists. Wad'annan figures za a ci gaba da Pessoa "ortonimo", wato signature da ke da suna da amfani gajere meters, predominantly rimati. Wad'annan bak'i, wanda a bayansa censuses na opera Pessoa unpublished har hawa zuwa hamsin, a wasu lokutan odds da juna, amma daidai polemic ne na wasan kwaikwayo em jama'ai wasan kwaikwayo mutum da summarizes literary a game da author, ban zama koyo bayani a kan boka complexity a kowane mutum. Ayyukan Pessoa outputs ne kusan dukkan posthumous, amma a cikin rai, shi kan "limaman grise" da Tsibin duwatsun yana Portugisanci literary, ta da tare da had'in gwiwar mujalla kamar Orpheu da Portugal futurist, halinsa mawakan da kaman Sá-Carneiro da painters kamar Almada Negreiros, alkalamin k'arya theorists da critics warwatse a mujalla. Ya kuma author da 'yan sanda da wasanninsu, iri poems a turance, ya cike da ita ma ta samar da matsalolin da gyare puzzles mujalla ta kuma opera a aikata, ko Mariheiro ci iyakar mak'wabcinku, da author "static wasan kwaikwayo" a cikin wani vague Medieval maeterlinckiano kowannenku, da mata uku kallon gawar wata budurwa ta ga lumen wata da sak'ar wani metaphysical dialog a jigon na jiran, dukan rai jiran wani taro na magana bada-bada alamar, watakila mutuwa. Sai dai littafin da ake bugawa a raina yana ba da gudunmawa da kishin k'asa poems, Mensagem (1934), da concorse a sha'anin-gwadon darajassu lambar girmamawa ta nobel na biyu. Shi ne wani messianic evocation, har ma galibin makoma da teku da Portugal, a kan yi saura da "sebastianismo". Da wasanninsu jari Pessoa dai, wad'anda suka yi masa dace mawãk'i yadda Camões, suna da duk jikinsu daban-daban. A cikin poems na Álvaro de Campos, alal misali, ma'anar na zamani, da teku, da ambiguity da Eros, a cikinsa, da ke tattare da kowane mutum abokin gabarsa, da bai yi ajali tumultuous, masu ta da zaune tsaye, da contrasts da "basso continuo" na irony da loneliness, a da Ricardo Reis da arne iya fahinta cewa wasu precristiana, watau da Bahar Rum, da transience na rayuwa ta gauraya da hujjoji metaphysics na son, a cikin ãyõyin da prodigious essentiality, kuma a cikin sonnets da yawa kuma wak'ok'in da ortonimo da philosophical reasoning da concreteness autobiographical blend a inextricable synthesis, ullenku density harshen da ba a daidaita dukan arc da lyric shiga daga Rimbaud da Mallarmé zuwa Eliot da Montale. Binciko Pessoa aka k'wararan yara Portugisanci na adabi (rukunin Presença) da kuma Brazil ta zamani, 45). Da wucewa a shekara ta shahara Pessoa tasa har ta yi tunani d'aya daga cikin mawakan mafi girma da sec. XX. A k'asar Italiya da aka wallafa cikin yawan fayafayan da waka ba kome ainun, Gini 1979 da 1984, cikin littafin apprehension (1) ta ware shekara ta 1986, takardar da da budurwa (1988) da poems na Alvaro de Campos (1993). Biography Jamus mawãk'i Prague (1875 da Valmont, Montreux, 1926. D'an bohemian jami'ar da mahaifiyarsa artist wanda ya ragu kullum ideally sau, bayan da ya halarci sojoji Academy (1) 1886-92, ya fi son su yi tawalu da nazarin labarin sana', transferring daga Prague a Munich, sa'an nan a Berlin. A 1897-98 a dama sau tari a k'asar Italiya, 1899-1900, tare da Lou Andreas-Salomé, da Rasha, inda ta san Tolstoy mahalarta, daga abin da ya kawo indelible impressions da inganta da mysticism. A mallaka tun 1900 ya yi zamansa a Worpswede Bremen (1) a taron jama'ar artists wanda aka rabo da sculptress Clara Westhoff, sa'an nan ta zama matarsa (1901). A 1902, an raba, ya zauna a Paris, abubuwan da wasu zirga a k'asar Italiya da Scandinavia. A cikin faransanci jari da misalin shekara yana sakataren Rodin. A tsakanin 1910 da 1913 ya dangana Afirka na arewa da 'yan k'asar da 1911-12 ya zauna a castle na Duino, bak'o tana Liyarai von Thurn und Taxis. A lokacin yak'in duniya na farko an yawanci a Munich, sa'an nan a k'asar Swisland, a cikin castle na Valais Muzot. Ya mutu leukaemia kuma binne shi a Raron. Abin da Babbar su binciko a rai da conceptions na Rilke ne, bayan da Florenzer Tagebuch (1898, Florentine Diary, da littattafan Yadda kika bi L. Andreas-Salomé da Ziyara H.sunan R. von Salis. Introvert da marar da kake iyawa Allahnku kullayaumin fi karko ne, amma da fahimtar ma'anar a lashe protections bambanta da liyãfa incalculable mai yawan wasik'u (7 volumes, da tsakanin gabaninku Gid'e da Verhaeren, Rilke da nagarin ikon sa Yana kiwon garkensa a cikin mawallafan kundin sakamakon mafi wakili na biyu da na baya ga da translations daga E. Browning, Mallarmé, Verlaine, Gid'e Valéry kuma wadanchan recepì literary influences da Klopstock zuwa Hölderlin, philosophical da Kierkegaard zuwa Nietzsche, figurative (daga rodin zuwa Cézanne. Ga makashin wani yana kiwon garkensa vocation da matrix addini, Rilke ga da waka ba, da ba, sai dai alamar da musulunci da wani abu uwarta. Da farko dai babbar lyric gudunmawa a lokacin juvenile Leben und Lieder (1894, kuma wak'ok'in bi Stundenbuch (1899-1903, Littafi na kwana daya, bayan da Buch der Bilder (1898-1906, hoto littafi ne publishes Neue Gedichte (1907-08, sabon poems da novel Aufzeichnungen des Malte Laurids Brigge (1910, Notebooks na Malte Laurids Brigge, abin da kuka ji tunkuye su samu daga sabo da Rodin wajen aiki da tsananin da hak'uri. A cikin wannan Yana kiwon garkensa conception recognizable su taru a kai a kai da fuzzy laushi da sentimental da shahararrun ballad a prose (3) kuma Weise von Liebe und Tod des Cornets Christoph Rilke (1899-1906, Romance k'aunar da mutuwar Bishop Christopher Rilke da kusa da Rilke wani phenomenological Muhimman jigogin. Kashegari aikin safiyon ganin wani accentuation da lyrical component a birane gaban mutuwa da rai. A wannan lokacin ne Duineser Elegien (elegies na Duino, an fara Duino a 1912, an kammala a Muzot a 1922, da Sonette wani Orpheus (Sonnets zuwa Orpheus, gidaje da k'irin a 1922, tsawon poems walk'iyoyi bayanin abubuwa da siffofin nagarin lyricism. Bayan da 1923 Rilke hurta kusan duk da poems a Faransanci, da tattara a Vergers (1926, Verzieri. Da lyrical Rilke, pregna da darajar aukaka da rai da yake yi biki a baiwa sosai a kashe shi, yana bisa zarginsa da waka ba da ashirin k'arni na 12, ko da ya ke k'wararan ayyukan al'adu na Turai mahukuncin ne wani wuri, a makaranta psychoanalytical neopositivistica da Vienna, Berlin, ko ma a Dublin. Bayan Yak'in Duniya Na Biyu ya yi tunani da wasu ya zama "Heidegger Yana kiwon garkensa", amma da aka soke-kambinsa yadda metaphysical, "prefascista", ko da yake da harshen da aka yi da mawakan daban-daban, da mai tasiri Celan. Sa'an nan kuma Ubangjinsa da darasi na Rilke an ebo da artists da adar wasu k'abilun daban-daban, da Amirka sunan R. Jarrel da czech) Holan da aka yi k'ok'arin da fassarar Rilke a husserliana mabud'i. Game da novel Malte Laurids Brigge, ya gane mai daraja a' " da ashirin k'arni da karya da epic kissoshin mashawarcin k'arni na 12, da lokacin dad'ewarsu mafificin, a cikin diary da assay, umurci biyayya, da alienation. Matasa Faransanci mawãk'i Charleville (1854 da 1891 Marseille. D'an wani shugaba na infantry wanda ya tashi tun da sassafe, da na d'an 'ya'ya biyar, Jean-Arthur Rimbaud yana da ilimi da mahaifiyarta a hannu da shuni rigorismo ya yi masa sha tarin yawa a solitude, bijare muku kashedi, inda za ku ga plumbed. Ya dulmuya a Lyceum garinsu, ya zama nan da nan sai ga precocity da masu hankali da predisposition zuwa verseggiare. Da 'ya'yan furofesa Georges Izambard, malaminsa, abokina, Rimbaud rubuta poems uku da aka ba tukuna bugawa. Admirer da Hugo, yana lallai masu halin mutuntaka simbolisti Izambard ne ya sanar da karatu da k'auna. Rimbaud ne, ba shakka d'aya daga cikin mawallafan kundin sakamakon da mai anticipated na zamani ruhun gardama. Ruhu hanuwa, reacted zuwa yak'i da 1870 da Prussia da fād'i ta daular da empito da tayar da k'iyayya da hannu da shuni k'ungiya. Ruga zuwa Paris (biyu evasion farko, wato, don ya zauna a k'asar Belgium suka gama da ba a raba fraternal'alilan da wardens da Commune. Ba mawuyaci ko da ya yi tare da su. Lalle ne sympathised da yak'i, sa'an nan kuma ya je Charleville. Daga nan sai 15, 1871 ya rubuta wa abokinsa Démeny La Lettre du voyant (Wasik'a mai gani. Da dangantaka da Verlaine A cikin himma da martani ga Faransanci na adabi ayansa Rimbaud shiga bin da sabon sensations da aka gano ya ce, "Na ainihi" a hidimar poetare, wannan ya kai wa iyayenki na madawwaman tilasta wa mutane rai, samar da ta bar makaranta preconceptions da rayuwar duniya shagala da academic. A cikin wannan wurarenta da aka haife ni da na farko, masterpiece Le bateau ivre (1872, jirgin ruwan, rutilanti aikata nufin zuciyarsa, fantastic looming a yadda presupposes da Poe da Coleridge, fiye da Baudelaire, da nagarin ra'ayin da yawa yana kiwon garkensa 'yanci. Da manuscript ya aika wa Verlaine, da zarar ya karanta gayyaci Rimbaud tafiya zuwa Paris. A cikin Faransanci jari, Rimbaud sami zumunci, contrasted irin, ya sa a bayar da Verlaine, ya sami damar su san sauran mawakan da suke tare da shi, paintings cikin shahararrun kusurwa da tebur da Fantin-Latour. Da Verlaine rahoton da ya yi. Rimbaud gane ya hallaka auren abokin, wanda ya ci gaba a d'aure wa matarsa da zurfi shak'u. Da abokai biyu suka taru a k'asar Belgium, Ingila, sa'an nan kuma a k'asar Belgium, inda Verlaine da hakki da nth lite (10 ga watan Yuli 1873) cutar, ba su sosai da sosai, Rimbaud biyu shin wa ke da revolver. Verlaine yana kama da Rimbaud komo a gida, a cikin farmhouse na Roche, a Vouziers. Da masterpieces na arfinsa A Vouziers Rimbaud harbi, hakika kammala Les Easter (1886, Illuminations, bajintar ya watakila ma'anar colorful Rãnar K'iyama harking, a turance ma'anar illumination kuma Une saison en-enfer (1898, rani. Tsara ranakun yanayi shekara na bayan fage, nawa ne a tattauna a kan timeline a composition wadannan ayyuka da mai yiwuwa ne fifiko na biyu a karo na farko. Dukansu suna da 'ya'yan wani creative ra'ayin exceptional, sau da conception negatrice na duniya da sunan d'ansa. Idan Easter, ya fara bugawa ba tare da sanin author, kusan dukkan ãyõyinsa da dai sauransu, su yi tunani, masterpiece a da hankali, sun bayyana amma da sakamakon inspirations daban-daban da na vertices aukaka da abysses rok'ena Confessions, da azabtar da rai, ba ya haska infrequently daga shan k'waya. Les Easter ne shaidar da poem babban, mai tsarki, watakila ba su tab'a ko fiye da kai, ko a Saison en-enfer, masu arziki a saukar da azabtar da rai har zuwa gaba da wani ma'auni iri daban-daban, da waka ba da mafarkin rai da halitta da elevates da mawãk'i zuwa tausasawa mulkinsa, ya ci, masu tawali'u ya dawo da dũbãwa ba ga rãk'umã yadda aka halitta a duniya, abin al'amura, da da juyin mulki ala ya so ya gaggauta ya zo. Ba saboda haka la'anci mawãk'i ba, amma superb mawak'iya na gaskiya, divined Toccata, ba su ci nasara har abada. Rimbaud, negation, zai yi shiru da d'auki dangana: "Moi je suis rendu au sol" exclaims, sa'an nan kuma, wanda ya zagi Allah, outraged k'ungiya, k'aryata Almasihu, ya ce, "Pitié. Seigneur, j'ai peur" a tunani, Yana kiwon garkensa vocation. Ya muse Rimbaud zauna da shekara ta yi adventurer. A 1874 aka a Ingila, sa'an nan ya yi tafiyar tirelessly: Batavia, Kubrus, Masar da shekaru goma a Habasha a lokacin yak'in neman mulkin mallaka. Ya oversaw ciniki, ina kuwa, domin wadansu, da bawa, da sauran k'aryata, kuma ya sa rai mai tsanani, har zuwa ga wani cutar da k'afar dama, wadda aka amputated a Marseilles, ya rasu a cire abu mafi daga sha'anin duniya, har ya mutu nan ta da wasu kamar wani 'shshahada addini. Arguedas, José María Ethnologist da Peruvian narrator (Andahuaylas, Apurimac, tum-Lima 1969. Mahaifiyarta harshe ne Quechua, da harshen da Incas, amma duk da haka, ba wani marubuci ya sami nasarar da ya nuna da Spaniyanci duniyar Indians da Peru da ya girma, da yake da duniyar whites. Da masterpiece ne autobiographical novel littattafan Larabci sun daina rã'ara wa kai girma profundos (1958, mai zurfi, koguna abin da ta evocation, yana k'arami yana tak'ama da marinjãyi attraction a jikinsu. A cikin sauran' " ayyukan Arguedas, ya rasu, masani, ku tuna, Agua (1935, ruwa, Yawar fiesta (1941, idin jini, Diamantes y pedernales (1954, demon , kuma-hazzurim, El Sexto (tun a shekarar 1961, Sexto, Todas las sangres (1964, dukan races, amor y mundo todos littattafan Larabci sun daina cuentos (1967, k'aunaci duniya da dukan labaran, El zorro de arriba y el zorro de abajo (posthumously shekarar 1971, kurege sama da kurege k'asa ce) Zest tofa albarkacin bakinsa, Peruvian narrator (1929 Lima Madrid a shekarar 1983. Tilasta bauta a regime da kangararre A. M. Odría, ya zauna a Turai da Mexico. A Peru a 1978, taka siyasa da yake faruwa a jam'iyyar hagu. Bayan hudu littattafan waka ba, bugawa a tsakanin 1955 an da 1970, Ka fere shi sosai ya rasu da nasara a' ". A wurarensu biyar novels ta fara da Redoble para Rancas a shekarar 1971, ganga mirgino domin Rancas, kuma ya ci gaba da Historia de Garabombo el ganuwa (1972 don kaina, labarin Garabombo da ganuwa, Cantar de Agapito Robles (1977, Raira Agapito Robles, El jinete insomme (1977, sleepless knight kuma fito (1980), zest ta maido harsashin zuwa 'kasa cikin sau reconstructs peruvian da gaskiya, ya mamaye shawarwari bai fice batun...da iyayya tsakanin baya da yawan jama'a da fari, ba jiki ta epic dakatar da tsakanin gaskiya da sihiri. A bayansa jarraba, tumba na relámpago (Gini 1979, kabarin walk'iya, kuma sun yi rawa inmóvil (1981, sun yi rawa mahallinsa, ya nuna da kara originality, ta cigaba da harshen mafi autonomously' " da na fi k'azance da Kome rashin gatanchin mache sadakinta psychological gaskiya. Bayan mutuwarsa a sararin sama, bala'i da aka wallafa wasu unpublished littattafai. Da yake faruwa a Darakta da latest aiki A 1947 Brecht koma Turai, toshe na farko, a k'asar Swisland, inda ya gamu da M. Frisch da edited, shekara ta 1948 ne mafi muhimmanci theoretical essay, Kleines Organon für das Dandalin (Breviary da irin wasannin ko sun aesthetics, sa'an nan a Oktoba tare da gayyatar da Jamusanci Jamhuriyyar Dimokuradiyyar su zauna a gabas Berlin. Na gaskataccen take shan narke a dandalin Deutsches daga gabas Berlin a shekarar 1949, mallam" din kamannu Weigel, alamtacce haihuwar Berliner Ensemble, wanda a 1954 ne sai, inda yake a yanzu a Schiffbauerdamm, da Brecht tsayar da gudanar da manta har ya mutu. A k'arshe decade a Berlin domin su d'auki hasararsu da yake faruwa na filmmaker wanda ya ba da 'ya'yan itace shan k'waya, saboda yawan sauya voltage da magoya bayan realism gurguzu, da gwamnatin Ulbricht, ba ya rubuta wani sabon aiki. Sa'an nan yana aiki da aji sun nemi a Berlin a 1953 ta goyon baya. Ci Gaba da Kalendergeschichten labaran (daga k'arshen, da aka sarrafa opera, masu halin mutuntaka Chinese waka ba da gudunmawa a 1956 a k'ark'ashin bajintar na Buckower Elegien (elegies Buckow, da kuma irin wasannin ko sun reductions, a cikinsa akwai Brecht jaddada da kasala ba da bayanin abubuwa kamar plagiarism literary da dukiya, Hofmeister (1) preceptor Ziyara H.M. sunan R. Lenz, In Giovannidi Molière, Coriolano na Skakespeare. A 1953 Brecht hulda ne shugaban k'ungiyar Marubuta da ba da kyautar nobel Stalin zaman lafiya, da hukumar Salla a Paris da Berliner Ensemble lokcin da Brecht ci lambar girmamawa ta nobel na farko da take shan tsoro. Koma Jamus Brecht gurbinsu ba su da k'ungiyar IV, marubuta. A watan Agusta 1956 yana ta ragargaza da infarct. Da littattafai masu ya ragu unpublished, representations da Kome sihirin da hakki da hamsin hamsin da Sixties baza consolidavano da shahara da author "classic" (tuna, k'asar Italiya, da na tafarfara chikin da Piccolo Teatro a Milan. A tsakanin posthumous da mujallun waje mafi yawan 'yan da muhimmanci mu bayar da Arbeitsjournal 1938-55 (1973, Aikin Diary 1938-55) riga kuma fassara a Italiyanci, 1920-22 Tagebücher (1975, 1920-22 Diaries da Autobiographische Aufzeichnungen 1920-54 (1975, cewarsa autobiographical 1920-54. > Encyclopedia na adabi da mediya > na adabi > Germanic na adabi > Turanci > Eliot, Toma Stearns Eliot, Toma Stearns Da mawãk'i da marubuciya ta naturalized Turanci (yawan gaskatawa Louis, Missouri, 1888 da 1965 London. Koyar a Jami'ar Harvard, ya kammala karatu a Sorbonne, a Oxford, a nan Jamus, manifesting sha mai zurfi a hanyar iliminsa na yaudarar wofi da wasik'u. Ya zauna a Addasn a 1915, ta zama Ingila baren tun 1927. Bayan wasu a gefen k'orama da matasa "gano" da e. daka, wanda ya kai shi zuwa publish a kan mujallar fim waka ba, Yana Chicago yana wasu poems sa'an nan a yawan fayafayan k'aunar wak'ar da Ziyara H.Alfred Prufrock (1917, son wak'ar da Ziyara H.Alfred Prufrock. Da soyayya da daka yana da kyakkyawar ganewa a Yana kiwon garkensa formation na Eliot, suka tsayar da shi, da epigraph dantesca "mafi mak'eri", shahararrun poem da Ragowa k'asar (1922, k'asar da take kufai, evocation tare da d'ibiya masa hannuwansa a duniya a cika rikici bayan yak'in duniya na farko. Da Ragowa k'asar nuna ba ma da daka, abin da suka bayar da kuma corrections ga rubata d'in, har ma da sha'awa ga metaphysical mawakan Ingila, domin Blake da Dante, da wani sabon dynamic wahayin al'adun mutane, ta fahimci yadda amfani da shũgabanni modification da literary adu kakanninsa. A shekarun baya da na bayan fage na kogon (1925, maza voids, da fad'uwar wahayin Eliot kai apex, alamtacce bayyananne critical rethinking, Yana kiwon garkensa, farfad'o da tsananin clarity a 1930, sa'ad da Eliot furta kanta da monarchist a siyasa, classic a na adabi da anglocattolico a cikin addini. Wannan ya canja shi ma ya yi tsammani a creative aiki, musamman ma dai a lokacin girbi Ash-Wednesday (1930, nemo toka Laraba, wanda ya nuna alamtacce harkar devotees da addini da alãmarsu calmer. A can ya bi wani kamar irin irin wasannin ko sun aikata (kisa a Cathedral, 1935, kisa a cathedral, Reunion iyali, 1939, reunion, jam'iyyar Cocktail, 1949, Confidential,akawu, 1955 an, aikacin amincewa, Iyata Statesman, 1959, babban statesman, sau da yawa sun lalace da jawabi ma showy da anchorage wannan lamari explicit ma. To sai dai Eliot ba su bar waka ba, a'a tab'i da vertices saman da Quartets hudu (1943, Caligari, inda, ta yi amfani da darajarsa ta yi horo da gatura dai in an ambaci Hausawa ana nufin mutanen da emotional da tunani a tsakanin author kuma mai karatu, ya yi k'ok'arin synthesis k'asa hanya, da biranenta baiwa da ci gaban mutum. Kuma da muhimmanci ne critical hasala da essays, wanda ba a san standstills, mai girman fifitawa aiki, su ne: Alfarma itace, ta Assuwara wadda aka yi yayin ta, da alfarma itace, Dante (1929), da amfani da waka ba da amfani da hukumomin (1933, da amfani da waka ba da amfani da hukumomin, Bayan Haramtacciyar alloli (1934, bayan haramtacciyar gumaka, ka san abin da Christian k'ungiya (1939, ka san abin da Christian k'ungiya, da na adabi siyasa (1955 an, na adabi da manufa. Gwargwado lasafta d'aya daga cikin exponents mafi girma da Anglo-American na adabi da cħwa Alk'ur k'arni na 12, Eliot, duk da cewa shi da ya yi wani dakushewar kwarjininsa da ruwa a hannunsu, fiye da dukan da progressive bala mai tsattsauran ra'ayi a wuraren zama da wasu matsaloli masu reactionary ma, amma har yanzu, da barori da ashirin k'arni na 12, da ya shirya da rikicin da mutumin da ke yammacin k'ungiya tsakanina da yak'e-duniya.  Pessoa, Fernando Nogueira Da Portugisanci mawãk'i (1888-1935 Lisbon. D'aya daga cikin figures mai singular zuga a k'asashen Turai na adabi da ashirin k'arni na 12. Ya mutu na tuberculosis Uban, kyakkyawan kid critic, uwar Pessoa ya rasu a karo na biyu aure, ya zauna a Durban (afirka ta kudu. A nan ya koyi Turanci, wadda aka kullum da harshen na biyu. Ya canja Lisbon sauke karatu a cikin takardar, ta karatu tsayar da kansa ga wani k'aramin amfani da aka rarraba motocin haya, daga 1908 zuwa mutuwarsa. Babbar connoisseur da hanyar iliminsa na yaudarar wofi romanti kasa (Schopenhauer Nietzsche, kuma symbolism faransanci da portugisanci, da theosophical mutunci da occultistici, ana iya ganinsu a yawan sauya references ga jingina da Pink haye. Daga precursors iya littãfi ne rubũtacce Camilo Pessanha Cesário da kuma kore, amma hali na Pessoa inconfrontabile ya ragu. Mafi kyau, ya ce, "" hali. Lalle ya halitta kamar irin "heteronomouses", bai kamata ba a lasafta "pseudonyms" na d'aya marubuci, amma da kaurinsa kowane mai ba da rai mai sukuni, ya gina ayyuka, narrandone ko biography da sanin makamar da bin ideological bugu da styling. Babban heteronomouses, su ne: Alvaro de Campos, injiniya, Cosmopolitan, wanda shi kansa haifuwa fata masu-kyau a cikin ãyõyinmu 'yantar da shi ne masu halin mutuntaka Marinetti kuma daga Whitman, Ricardo Reis, neoclassic mawãk'i, oraziano, da nagarin elegance da sirara epicureismo, Alberto Caeiro, "Maigida", mutumin kamfe materialist, da stoic, wadda a gefen k'orama poem dukan girma, ba tare da jama'ar Isra'ila, ya shafi Bernardo Soares, ibin, prose marubuciya introspective da na tababa, A. Pacheco, author na tsawon guda poem da k'ok'ari a sami tak'addamar kai tsaye, "rubutu" surrealists. Wad'annan figures za a ci gaba da Pessoa "ortonimo", wato signature da ke da suna da amfani gajere meters, predominantly rimati. Wad'annan bak'i, wanda a bayansa censuses na opera Pessoa unpublished har hawa zuwa hamsin, a wasu lokutan odds da juna, amma daidai polemic ne na wasan kwaikwayo em jama'ai wasan kwaikwayo mutum da summarizes literary a game da author, ban zama koyo bayani a kan boka complexity a kowane mutum. Ayyukan Pessoa outputs ne kusan dukkan posthumous, amma a cikin rai, shi kan "limaman grise" da Tsibin duwatsun yana Portugisanci literary, ta da tare da had'in gwiwar mujalla kamar Orpheu da Portugal futurist, halinsa mawakan da kaman Sá-Carneiro da painters kamar Almada Negreiros, alkalamin k'arya theorists da critics warwatse a mujalla. Ya kuma author da 'yan sanda da wasanninsu, iri poems a turance, ya cike da ita ma ta samar da matsalolin da gyare puzzles mujalla ta kuma opera a aikata, ko Mariheiro ci iyakar mak'wabcinku, da author "static wasan kwaikwayo" a cikin wani vague Medieval maeterlinckiano kowannenku, da mata uku kallon gawar wata budurwa ta ga lumen wata da sak'ar wani metaphysical dialog a jigon na jiran, dukan rai jiran wani taro na magana bada-bada alamar, watakila mutuwa. Sai dai littafin da ake bugawa a raina yana ba da gudunmawa da kishin k'asa poems, Mensagem (1934), da concorse a sha'anin-gwadon darajassu lambar girmamawa ta nobel na biyu. Shi ne wani messianic evocation, har ma galibin makoma da teku da Portugal, a kan yi saura da "sebastianismo". Da wasanninsu jari Pessoa dai, wad'anda suka yi masa dace mawãk'i yadda Camões, suna da duk jikinsu daban-daban. A cikin poems na Álvaro de Campos, alal misali, ma'anar na zamani, da teku, da ambiguity da Eros, a cikinsa, da ke tattare da kowane mutum abokin gabarsa, da bai yi ajali tumultuous, masu ta da zaune tsaye, da contrasts da "basso continuo" na irony da loneliness, a da Ricardo Reis da arne iya fahinta cewa wasu precristiana, watau da Bahar Rum, da transience na rayuwa ta gauraya da hujjoji metaphysics na son, a cikin ãyõyin da prodigious essentiality, kuma a cikin sonnets da yawa kuma wak'ok'in da ortonimo da philosophical reasoning da concreteness autobiographical blend a inextricable synthesis, ullenku density harshen da ba a daidaita dukan arc da lyric shiga daga Rimbaud da Mallarmé zuwa Eliot da Montale. Binciko Pessoa aka k'wararan yara Portugisanci na adabi (rukunin Presença) da kuma Brazil ta zamani, 45). Da wucewa a shekara ta shahara Pessoa tasa har ta yi tunani d'aya daga cikin mawakan mafi girma da sec. XX. A k'asar Italiya da aka wallafa cikin yawan fayafayan da waka ba kome ainun, Gini 1979 da 1984, cikin littafin apprehension (1) ta ware shekara ta 1986, takardar da da budurwa (1988) da poems na Alvaro de Campos (1993). Biography Jamus mawãk'i Prague (1875 da Valmont, Montreux, 1926. D'an bohemian jami'ar da mahaifiyarsa artist wanda ya ragu kullum ideally sau, bayan da ya halarci sojoji Academy (1) 1886-92, ya fi son su yi tawalu da nazarin labarin sana', transferring daga Prague a Munich, sa'an nan a Berlin. A 1897-98 a dama sau tari a k'asar Italiya, 1899-1900, tare da Lou Andreas-Salomé, da Rasha, inda ta san Tolstoy mahalarta, daga abin da ya kawo indelible impressions da inganta da mysticism. A mallaka tun 1900 ya yi zamansa a Worpswede Bremen (1) a taron jama'ar artists wanda aka rabo da sculptress Clara Westhoff, sa'an nan ta zama matarsa (1901). A 1902, an raba, ya zauna a Paris, abubuwan da wasu zirga a k'asar Italiya da Scandinavia. A cikin faransanci jari da misalin shekara yana sakataren Rodin. A tsakanin 1910 da 1913 ya dangana Afirka na arewa da 'yan k'asar da 1911-12 ya zauna a castle na Duino, bak'o tana Liyarai von Thurn und Taxis. A lokacin yak'in duniya na farko an yawanci a Munich, sa'an nan a k'asar Swisland, a cikin castle na Valais Muzot. Ya mutu leukaemia kuma binne shi a Raron. Abin da Babbar su binciko a rai da conceptions na Rilke ne, bayan da Florenzer Tagebuch (1898, Florentine Diary, da littattafan Yadda kika bi L. Andreas-Salomé da Ziyara H.sunan R. von Salis. Introvert da marar da kake iyawa Allahnku kullayaumin fi karko ne, amma da fahimtar ma'anar a lashe protections bambanta da liyãfa incalculable mai yawan wasik'u (7 volumes, da tsakanin gabaninku Gid'e da Verhaeren, Rilke da nagarin ikon sa Yana kiwon garkensa a cikin mawallafan kundin sakamakon mafi wakili na biyu da na baya ga da translations daga E. Browning, Mallarmé, Verlaine, Gid'e Valéry kuma wadanchan recepì literary influences da Klopstock zuwa Hölderlin, philosophical da Kierkegaard zuwa Nietzsche, figurative (daga rodin zuwa Cézanne. Ga makashin wani yana kiwon garkensa vocation da matrix addini, Rilke ga da waka ba, da ba, sai dai alamar da musulunci da wani abu uwarta. Da farko dai babbar lyric gudunmawa a lokacin juvenile Leben und Lieder (1894, kuma wak'ok'in bi Stundenbuch (1899-1903, Littafi na kwana daya, bayan da Buch der Bilder (1898-1906, hoto littafi ne publishes Neue Gedichte (1907-08, sabon poems da novel Aufzeichnungen des Malte Laurids Brigge (1910, Notebooks na Malte Laurids Brigge, abin da kuka ji tunkuye su samu daga sabo da Rodin wajen aiki da tsananin da hak'uri. A cikin wannan Yana kiwon garkensa conception recognizable su taru a kai a kai da fuzzy laushi da sentimental da shahararrun ballad a prose (3) kuma Weise von Liebe und Tod des Cornets Christoph Rilke (1899-1906, Romance k'aunar da mutuwar Bishop Christopher Rilke da kusa da Rilke wani phenomenological Muhimman jigogin. Kashegari aikin safiyon ganin wani accentuation da lyrical component a birane gaban mutuwa da rai. A wannan lokacin ne Duineser Elegien (elegies na Duino, an fara Duino a 1912, an kammala a Muzot a 1922, da Sonette wani Orpheus (Sonnets zuwa Orpheus, gidaje da k'irin a 1922, tsawon poems walk'iyoyi bayanin abubuwa da siffofin nagarin lyricism. Bayan da 1923 Rilke hurta kusan duk da poems a Faransanci, da tattara a Vergers (1926, Verzieri. Da lyrical Rilke, pregna da darajar aukaka da rai da yake yi biki a baiwa sosai a kashe shi, yana bisa zarginsa da waka ba da ashirin k'arni na 12, ko da ya ke k'wararan ayyukan al'adu na Turai mahukuncin ne wani wuri, a makaranta psychoanalytical neopositivistica da Vienna, Berlin, ko ma a Dublin. Bayan Yak'in Duniya Na Biyu ya yi tunani da wasu ya zama "Heidegger Yana kiwon garkensa", amma da aka soke-kambinsa yadda metaphysical, "prefascista", ko da yake da harshen da aka yi da mawakan daban-daban, da mai tasiri Celan. Sa'an nan kuma Ubangjinsa da darasi na Rilke an ebo da artists da adar wasu k'abilun daban-daban, da Amirka sunan R. Jarrel da czech) Holan da aka yi k'ok'arin da fassarar Rilke a husserliana mabud'i. Game da novel Malte Laurids Brigge, ya gane mai daraja a' " da ashirin k'arni da karya da epic kissoshin mashawarcin k'arni na 12, da lokacin dad'ewarsu mafificin, a cikin diary da assay, umurci biyayya, da alienation. Matasa Faransanci mawãk'i Charleville (1854 da 1891 Marseille. D'an wani shugaba na infantry wanda ya tashi tun da sassafe, da na d'an 'ya'ya biyar, Jean-Arthur Rimbaud yana da ilimi da mahaifiyarta a hannu da shuni rigorismo ya yi masa sha tarin yawa a solitude, bijare muku kashedi, inda za ku ga plumbed. Ya dulmuya a Lyceum garinsu, ya zama nan da nan sai ga precocity da masu hankali da predisposition zuwa verseggiare. Da 'ya'yan furofesa Georges Izambard, malaminsa, abokina, Rimbaud rubuta poems uku da aka ba tukuna bugawa. Admirer da Hugo, yana lallai masu halin mutuntaka simbolisti Izambard ne ya sanar da karatu da k'auna. Rimbaud ne, ba shakka d'aya daga cikin mawallafan kundin sakamakon da mai anticipated na zamani ruhun gardama. Ruhu hanuwa, reacted zuwa yak'i da 1870 da Prussia da fād'i ta daular da empito da tayar da k'iyayya da hannu da shuni k'ungiya. Ruga zuwa Paris (biyu evasion farko, wato, don ya zauna a k'asar Belgium suka gama da ba a raba fraternal'alilan da wardens da Commune. Ba mawuyaci ko da ya yi tare da su. Lalle ne sympathised da yak'i, sa'an nan kuma ya je Charleville. Daga nan sai 15, 1871 ya rubuta wa abokinsa Démeny La Lettre du voyant (Wasik'a mai gani.  Da dangantaka da Verlaine A cikin himma da martani ga Faransanci na adabi ayansa Rimbaud shiga bin da sabon sensations da aka gano ya ce, "Na ainihi" a hidimar poetare, wannan ya kai wa iyayenki na madawwaman tilasta wa mutane rai, samar da ta bar makaranta preconceptions da rayuwar duniya shagala da academic. A cikin wannan wurarenta da aka haife ni da na farko, masterpiece Le bateau ivre (1872, jirgin ruwan, rutilanti aikata nufin zuciyarsa, fantastic looming a yadda presupposes da Poe da Coleridge, fiye da Baudelaire, da nagarin ra'ayin da yawa yana kiwon garkensa 'yanci. Da manuscript ya aika wa Verlaine, da zarar ya karanta gayyaci Rimbaud tafiya zuwa Paris. A cikin Faransanci jari, Rimbaud sami zumunci, contrasted irin, ya sa a bayar da Verlaine, ya sami damar su san sauran mawakan da suke tare da shi, paintings cikin shahararrun kusurwa da tebur da Fantin-Latour. Da Verlaine rahoton da ya yi. Rimbaud gane ya hallaka auren abokin, wanda ya ci gaba a d'aure wa matarsa da zurfi shak'u. Da abokai biyu suka taru a k'asar Belgium, Ingila, sa'an nan kuma a k'asar Belgium, inda Verlaine da hakki da nth lite (10 ga watan Yuli 1873) cutar, ba su sosai da sosai, Rimbaud biyu shin wa ke da revolver. Verlaine yana kama da Rimbaud komo a gida, a cikin farmhouse na Roche, a Vouziers. Da masterpieces na arfinsa A Vouziers Rimbaud harbi, hakika kammala Les Easter (1886, Illuminations, bajintar ya watakila ma'anar colorful Rãnar K'iyama harking, a turance ma'anar illumination kuma Une saison en-enfer (1898, rani. Tsara ranakun yanayi shekara na bayan fage, nawa ne a tattauna a kan timeline a composition wadannan ayyuka da mai yiwuwa ne fifiko na biyu a karo na farko. Dukansu suna da 'ya'yan wani creative ra'ayin exceptional, sau da conception negatrice na duniya da sunan d'ansa. Idan Easter, ya fara bugawa ba tare da sanin author, kusan dukkan ãyõyinsa da dai sauransu, su yi tunani, masterpiece a da hankali, sun bayyana amma da sakamakon inspirations daban-daban da na vertices aukaka da abysses rok'ena Confessions, da azabtar da rai, ba ya haska infrequently daga shan k'waya. Les Easter ne shaidar da poem babban, mai tsarki, watakila ba su tab'a ko fiye da kai, ko a Saison en-enfer, masu arziki a saukar da azabtar da rai har zuwa gaba da wani ma'auni iri daban-daban, da waka ba da mafarkin rai da halitta da elevates da mawãk'i zuwa tausasawa mulkinsa, ya ci, masu tawali'u ya dawo da dũbãwa ba ga rãk'umã yadda aka halitta a duniya, abin al'amura, da da juyin mulki ala ya so ya gaggauta ya zo. Ba saboda haka la'anci mawãk'i ba, amma superb mawak'iya na gaskiya, divined Toccata, ba su ci nasara har abada. Rimbaud, negation, zai yi shiru da d'auki dangana: "Moi je suis rendu au sol" exclaims, sa'an nan kuma, wanda ya zagi Allah, outraged k'ungiya, k'aryata Almasihu, ya ce, "Pitié. Seigneur, j'ai peur" a tunani, Yana kiwon garkensa vocation. Ya muse Rimbaud zauna da shekara ta yi adventurer. A 1874 aka a Ingila, sa'an nan ya yi tafiyar tirelessly: Batavia, Kubrus, Masar da shekaru goma a Habasha a lokacin yak'in neman mulkin mallaka. Ya oversaw ciniki, ina kuwa, domin wadansu, da bawa, da sauran k'aryata, kuma ya sa rai mai tsanani, har zuwa ga wani cutar da k'afar dama, wadda aka amputated a Marseilles, ya rasu a cire abu mafi daga sha'anin duniya, har ya mutu nan ta da wasu kamar wani 'shshahada addini. Arguedas, José María Ethnologist da Peruvian narrator (Andahuaylas, Apurimac, tum-Lima 1969. Mahaifiyarta harshe ne Quechua, da harshen da Incas, amma duk da haka, ba wani marubuci ya sami nasarar da ya nuna da Spaniyanci duniyar Indians da Peru da ya girma, da yake da duniyar whites. Da masterpiece ne autobiographical novel littattafan Larabci sun daina rã'ara wa kai girma profundos (1958, mai zurfi, koguna abin da ta evocation, yana k'arami yana tak'ama da marinjãyi attraction a jikinsu. A cikin sauran' " ayyukan Arguedas, ya rasu, masani, ku tuna, Agua (1935, ruwa, Yawar fiesta (1941, idin jini, Diamantes y pedernales (1954, demon , kuma-hazzurim, El Sexto (tun a shekarar 1961, Sexto, Todas las sangres (1964, dukan races, amor y mundo todos littattafan Larabci sun daina cuentos (1967, k'aunaci duniya da dukan labaran, El zorro de arriba y el zorro de abajo (posthumously shekarar 1971, kurege sama da kurege k'asa ce) Zest tofa albarkacin bakinsa, Peruvian narrator (1929 Lima Madrid a shekarar 1983. Tilasta bauta a regime da kangararre A. M. Odría, ya zauna a Turai da Mexico. A Peru a 1978, taka siyasa da yake faruwa a jam'iyyar hagu. Bayan hudu littattafan waka ba, bugawa a tsakanin 1955 an da 1970, Ka fere shi sosai ya rasu da nasara a' ". A wurarensu biyar novels ta fara da Redoble para Rancas a shekarar 1971, ganga mirgino domin Rancas, kuma ya ci gaba da Historia de Garabombo el ganuwa (1972 don kaina, labarin Garabombo da ganuwa, Cantar de Agapito Robles (1977, Raira Agapito Robles, El jinete insomme (1977, sleepless knight kuma fito (1980), zest ta maido harsashin zuwa 'kasa cikin sau reconstructs peruvian da gaskiya, ya mamaye shawarwari bai fice batun...da iyayya tsakanin baya da yawan jama'a da fari, ba jiki ta epic dakatar da tsakanin gaskiya da sihiri. A bayansa jarraba, tumba na relámpago (Gini 1979, kabarin walk'iya, kuma sun yi rawa inmóvil (1981, sun yi rawa mahallinsa, ya nuna da kara originality, ta cigaba da harshen mafi autonomously' " da na fi k'azance da Kome rashin gatanchin mache sadakinta psychological gaskiya. Bayan mutuwarsa a sararin sama, bala'i da aka wallafa wasu unpublished littattafai.